Voice

Voice কাকে বলে কত প্রকার ও কি কি?

Voice is the form of the verb which indicates whether the subject does the work or something has been done to it.

ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে। ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি বলে দেয় কর্তা কাজটি নিজে করছেন, না কর্তার দ্বারা কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে।

অথবা

Voice হলো verb এর গঠন যার দ্বারা subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার ওপর এসে পড়ে।

Types of voice:

There are two types of voice:

·         Active voice.

·         Passive voice.

Active voice:

যে sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় বা active হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে সে sentence এ verb এর Active voice হয়।

Structure: 
Subject + verb + object.

Example: I do the work.

Passive voice:

যে sentence এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পড়ে তখন সে sentence এ verb এর passive voice হয়।

Structure:
Object + be verb + verbএর past participle+ by+ subject.

Example: The work is done by me.

Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:

a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voiceএর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c)মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Rule 2:

Indefinite tense:

a) Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b) Past indefinite – was, were.
c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.

Continuous tense:

a) Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.
b) Past Continuous – was being, were being
c) Future Continuous - shall be being, will be being.

Perfect tense:

a) Present Perfect – has been, have been.
b) Past Perfect- had been.
c) Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.

Rule 3:

a) Present indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.

b) Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + am being/is being/are being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.

c) Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

d) Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object

Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by them.

e) Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + was being/were being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

f) Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: we had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.

g) Future indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.

h) Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + shall be being/will be being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being

i) Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + shall have been /will have been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

Rule 4:

May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.
Active: you must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: we ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

Rule 5:

Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + objectএর subject + be + v3

Active: close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.

B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + objectএর subject + be + v3

Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.

C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + objectএর subject + be + v3 + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by him.

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + objectএর subject + ever be + v3

Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never go there.
Passive: let not there ever be gone.

E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Let + direct object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + v3 + for +ব্যক্তিবাচক object

Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.
Interrogative sentence

Rule 6:

Interrogative sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) Structure:
Interrogative sentenceকে Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর করে নিতে হবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive sentence এর active voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবার রুপান্তরিত passive voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। **** Tense অনুসারে করতে হবে।

Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertiveএর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passiveএ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertiveএর passive: A book is being read by him.
Passiveএ রুপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: you played football.
Assertiveএর passive: Football was played by you.
Passiveএ রুপান্তর: Was football played by you?

B) Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Whoএর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/ been বসাতে হয় + V3+ ?.

Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?

C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Whomএর পরিবর্তে who + tense ও person অনুযায়ী

Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?

D) What যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
What + tenseও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

Rule 7:

Subject + verb + object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.

Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for my friend.
Passive: He was taken for my friend by me.

Rule 8:

Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয় (personal object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + v3 + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে + by + active voice এর subject টি object রুপে হয়।

Active: I gave him a flower. Passive: He was given a flower by me. Active: He teaches us math. Passive: we are taught English by him.

Rule 9:

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্তন হয়।

Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.

Note: Active voice “people say” দিয়ে শুরু হলে It is said দিয়ে passive voice করাই ভাল।

Active: people say that the lion is the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the lion is the king of forest.

Rule 10:

Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

সাধারনত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবে Intransitive verb এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে এবং তা Intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে –

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।

Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: they looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.

Rule 11:

Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Active voice subjectটি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + Reflexive object বসবে।

Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: you killed yourself.
Passive: you were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:

Factitive object/Complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপ অতিরিক্ত object কেFactitive object/Complementary object বলে।

Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।

Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: we call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13:

Cognate object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু intransitive verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে।

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + subject টির object।

Active: he caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: you ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14:

Infinitive যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He wants someone to take camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.

Rule 15:

Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে v3 বসে।

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.
Rule 16:

Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের + object + should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: you agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.

Rule 17:

One + should যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Objectএর subject + should be + v3

Active: one should take care of one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: one should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be to

Complex Sentence-কে Passive voice করতে হলে Principal clause ও Sub-ordinate clause উভয়ের Passive করতে হয়। Principal clause-এর সাধারণত Object থাকে না। তাই উক্ত অংশের Object হিসেবে It নিতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : I know that you helped him.
Passive : It is known to me that he was helped by you.
Active : I thought that Babul had sung a song.
Passive : It was thought by me that a song had been sung by Babul.

জেনে রাখো: Complex Sentence-এর Sub-ordinate clause-এর যদি Object না থাকে তবে উক্ত অংশের Passive voice করার দরকার হয় না। এ ধরনের Sentence-এর বেলায় Principal clause-এর subject হিসেবে It নিয়েও Passive voice করা যায়। তা ছাড়া sub-ordinate clause-এর that-সহ পরের সবটুকুকে Passive করার সময় বাক্যের Subject করে Passive করা যায়। যেমন—
Active : I know that the he is a good boy
Passive : It is known to me that he is a good boy.
Or : That he is a good boy is known to me.
জেনে রাখো: And দ্বারা দুটি বাক্য যুক্ত হলে যদি and-এর উভয় অংশে Object থাকে তবে উভয়ই নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হবে। আর and-এর পরবর্তী অংশে কোনো Object না থাকলে প্রথম অংশ বা পূর্ববর্তী অংশ পরিবর্তিত হয়। যেমন—
Active : He ate rice and went to school.
Passive : Rice was eaten by him and (he) went to school.
Active : He ate rice and gave me a pen.
Passive : Rice was eaten and I was given a pen by him.
অনেক সময় Infinitive দ্বারাও Voice change করা যায়। যেমন—I don’t like to be hated.
A bank is going to be opened by the manager.
#পরবর্তী অংশ ছাপা হবে আগামীকাল

nVoice change
সুপ্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী বন্ধুরা, গ্রামার-এর ওপর দক্ষতা বৃদ্ধিতে সম্পূর্ণ সিলেবাসের ওপর Voice change থেকে ধারাবাহিক আলোচনায় তোমাদের স্বাগতম।
Complex Sentence : n
Complex Sentence-কে Passive voice করতে হলে Principal clause ও Sub-ordinate clause উভয়ের Passive করতে হয়। Principal clause-এর সাধারণত Object থাকে না। তাই উক্ত অংশের Object হিসেবে It নিতে হয়।
লক্ষণীয়: কতগুলো Verb-এর পরে by preposition না বসে with, at, to ইত্যাদি বসে। যেমন—
Gratify = gratify with,
please = pleased with,
satisfy = satisfied with,
bless = blessed with,
glad = glad at,
know = known to,
surprise = surprised at,
fill = filled withইত্যাদি।Known verb-এর পরে to ও be উভয়ই বসে। যেমন—
He is known to me.
A tree is known by its fruits.
জেনে রাখো: অনেক সময় আত্মপরিচয় দিতে হলে বা কোনো কাজের মাধ্যমে পরিচয় দিতে হলে known-এর পরে by বসে। একে অন্যের সঙ্গে পরিচয় অর্থে Known-এর পরে to বসে। যেমন— Active : The boy pleased us all.
Passive : We all were pleased by the boyহবে না।
এক্ষেত্রে হবে-
Passive : We all were pleased with the boy.
Active : Your work satisfied me.
Passive : I was satisfied with your work.
Active : His conduct annoyed me.
Passive : I was annoyed at his conduct.
Active : The book contains useful information.
Passive : Useful information is contained in the book.
জেনে রাখো: অনেক সময় দেখা যায় Passive voice-এর Doer বা Agent থাকে না। এ ধরনের বাক্যের Voice পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Someone, People, We, The Boy, He ইত্যাদিকে Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে হয়। তবে কোনো কাজ যখন এক ব্যক্তি দ্বারা করা সম্ভব তখন Singular subject নিতে হয়। আর যখন কোনো কাজ একার পক্ষে সাধারণত করা সম্ভব নয় তখন Plural subject নিতে হয়। যেমন—
Passive : My pen was stolen.
Active : Someone stole my pen.
Passive : He is not known here.
Active : None/nobody knows him here.
Passive : He is called a liar.
Active : People/They call him a liar.
জেনে রাখো: Voice Change করার ক্ষেত্রে। নিম্নলিখিত Verb-গুলোর Passive voice হয় না। কারণ এরা Intransitive verb : die, appear, seem, disappear, happen, belong, despair, allude, occur, ensure, wonder, comprise, perish, refer, issue, and indulge ইত্যাদি।
Incorrect : It was appeared.
Correct : It appeared.
Incorrect : It is happened.
Correct : It happened.
Incorrect : This book is belonged to me.
Correct : This book belongs to me.
Complex Sentence :
Active voice-এ যখন has to, had to, is going to, was going to, ought to, used to, have got to ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকে তখন Passive voice করার সময় উক্ত verb-গুলোর সঙ্গে be ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : He has to do work.
Passive : The work has to be done by him.
Active : We ought to love our country.
Passive : Our country ought to be loved by us.
Active : They used to burn the dead body.
Passive : The dead body used to be burn by them.
কিছু ব্যতিক্রম নিয়মের Voice change:
1. Quasi-passive Verb: Quasiশব্দের অর্থ half বা অর্ধেক। অর্থাৎ Half-passive = Quasi-passive. অতএব বলা যায়, যেসব Verb Half passive-এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তাকে Quasi-passive verb বলে। এদের Passive করতে হলে নিম্নলিখিত নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হবে:
১ নম্বর সূত্র: Sub + Be verb + Complement + When (if) + It/they +Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle.
২ নম্বর সূত্র: Subject + Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle + Complement.
Active : Honey tastes sweet.
Passive : Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
(১ নম্বর সূত্র)
Honey is tasted sweet. (২ নম্বর সূত্র)
Active : The bed feels soft.
Passive : The bed is soft when it is felt
The bed is felt soft.
Active : This story reads funny.
Passive : This story is funny when it is read.
This story is read funny.
2. Reflexive Verb:
যে verb-এর Subject এবং Object একই ব্যক্তি তাকে Reflexive verb বলে এবং Object-টিকে Reflexive object বলে। একে Subject করা যায় না। একে by-এর পরেই রেখে দিতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : He hurt himself.
Passive : He was hurt by himself.
Active : She killed herself.
Passive : She was killed by herself.
Active : He poisoned himself.
Passive : He was poisoned by himself.
3. Factitive Object:যেসব Object ক্ষণস্থায়ী অর্থাৎ মানুষের মতামতের ওপর যাদের স্থায়িত্ব নির্ভর করে সেসব Object-কে Factitive object বলে। এদের স্থায়িত্ব স্বল্প বিধায় এদেরকে বাক্যের Subject করা যায় না। তাই এদের পূর্ববর্তী Object-কে Subject করে Passive voice করতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : We made him captain .
Passive : He was made captain by us.
= Captain was made him by usহবে না।
Active : We call him a fool.
Passive : He is called a fool by us.
= A fool is called him by usহবে না।

Active Voice		Passive Voice
People use flowers on different occasion.		Flowers are used on different occasion.
The government has taken necessary steps to eradicate illiteracy.		Necessary steps have been taken by the government.
Everyone praised her.		She was praised by everyone.
I gladly accepted the invitation		The invitation was accepted by me gladly.
His parents, teachers and friends love him.		He is loved by his parents, teachers and friends.
Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore.		Its shore is visited by tourists from home and abroad.
The authority has taken some drastic steps against the corruption.		Some drastic steps have been taken against the corruption.
He was digging holes in several places.		Holes were being dug by him in several places.
Who does not love a truthful person?		By whom is not a truthful person loved?
They only curse their fate.		Their fate is cursed only by them.
They use the vacant space below their house to keep agricultural tools.		The vacant space below their house is used by them to keep agricultural tools.
The students should answer to the questions briefly and to the point to obtain good marks.		The questions should be answered briefly and to the point to obtain good marks by the students.
The authority strictly prohibits copying anything blindly.		Copying anything blindly is strictly prohibited.
These programmes pollute our moral values.		Our moral values are polluted by these programmes.
Everybody loves flowers.		Flowers are loved by everybody.
Almost all like it most.		It is liked by almost all.
Everybody knew him well for his generosity.		He was well known for his generosity.
His father earns a meagre amount.		The meagre amount is earned by his father.
All know it for its ferocity.		It is known to all for its ferocity.
We ought to preserve this precious wildlife from the extinction by any means.		This precious wildlife ought to be preserved by us from the extinction by any means.
Without any delay bringing wood from Jeddah, people repaired it.		Without any delay wood brought from Jeddah and it was repaired.
People of all ages enjoy the game.		The game is enjoyed by people of all ages.
He cultivates rice		Rice is cultivated by him.
The government has taken necessary measures to keep the price hike under control.		Necessary measures have been taken to keep the price-hike under control.
Active voice	Passive voice
It gives us milk and meat.	We are given milk and meat by it.
A dedicated lady named Nawab Faizunnessa established it.	It was established by a dedicated lady named Nawab Faizunnessa.
A competent headmistress administrates the school.	The school is administrated by a competent headmistress.
Houses keeps us safe and sound	We are kept safe and sound by houses.
Some one established the school in 1850.	The school was established in 1850.
You should take care of them	They should be taken care of.
He did not prescribed any medicine for the king.	The king was not prescribed any medicine by him.
People over the country visit this place.	This place is visited by the people over the country.
Hazrat Ibrahim (As) built the first mosque of the world.	The first mosque of the world was built there.
He delivers letters, money orders, parcels etc to the addresses.	Letters, money orders, parcels are delivered to the address by him.
His parents, teachers and friends love him.	He is loved by his parents, teachers and friends.
His friends, teachers and all love him.	He is loved by his friends, teachers and all.
His family members also help him.	He is also helped by his family members.
An artificial lake surrounds it.	It is surrounded by an artificial lake.
Books introduced us to the realm of knowledge	We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books.
It kills our valuable time and works.	Our valuable time and works are killed by it.
Our government is going to take some steps to make it more attractive.	Some steps are going to be taken by the government to make it more attractive.
It stores honey in the hive.	Honey is stored in the hive by it.
They pulled her up into the boat.	She was pulled up into the boat by them.
The outer show of things and beings concerns them.	They are concerned with the outer show of things and beings.
The rougness and stupidity in these hospitals shocked him.	She was shocked by the roughness and stupidity in these hospitals.
You have got many good things to read.	Many good things have been got to read by you.
Books introduce us to the kingdom of the knowledge.	We are introduced to the kingdom of the knowledge.
Once a cook roasted a duck for his master.	Once a duck was roasted by a cook for his master.
People call it pleasure seeker’s paradise.	It is called pleasure seeker’s paradise.
People called him wise Solomon.	He was called Solomon by the people.

1. Change the following Active Voice into Passive:
(a) We made him captain.
(b) Always speak the truth.
(c) Do not open the door.
(d) Have you read the book?
(e) He will teach us English.
(f) Who has broken the plate?
(g) The book is printing.
(h) Nobody knows him here.
(i) Whom do you call?
Answer:
(a) He was made captain by us.
(b) Let the truth be always spoken.
(c) Let not the door be opened.
(d) Has the book been read by you?
(e) English will be taught us by him. (or)
We shall be taught English by him.
(f) By whom has the plate been broken?
(g) The book is being printed.
(h) He is not known here
(i) Who is called by?
2. Change the following Passive Voice into Active:
(a) My watch was stolen.
(b) Let a letter be written y me.
(c) Rice is sold in the market.
(d) By whom will the bill be paid?
(e) His brother was hurt by him.
(f) English is spoken all over the world.
(g) The book was placed on the table.
(h) I am surprised at his conduct.
(i) Rome was not built in a day.
(j) He is well known to me.
Answer:
(a) Some one stole my watch.
(b) Let me write a letter.
(c) Rice sells in the market.
(d) Who will pay the bill?
(e) He hurt his brother.
(f) People speak English all over the world.
(g) Someone placed the book on the table.
(h) His conduct surprises me.
(i) The Romans did not build Rome in a day.
(j) I know him well.

Sample Questions 1. Change the following Active Voice into Passive: (a) We made him captain. (b) Always speak the truth. (c) Do not open the door. (d) Have you read the book? (e) He will teach us English. (f) Who has broken the plate? (g) The book is printing. (h) Nobody knows him here. (i) Whom do you call? 2. Change the following Passive Voice into Active: (a) My watch was stolen. (b) Let a letter be written y me. (c) Rice is sold in the market. (d) By whom will the bill be paid? (e) His brother was hurt by him. (f) English is spoken all over the world. (g) The book was placed on the table. (h) I am surprised at his conduct. (i) Rome was not built in a day. (j) He is well known to me.

Answer: (a) He was made captain by us. (b) Let the truth be always spoken. (c) Let not the door be opened. (d) Has the book been read by you? (e) English will be taught us by him. (or) We shall be taught English by him. (f) By whom has the plate been broken? (g) The book is being printed. (h) He is not known here (i) Who is called by? Answer: (a) Someone stole my watch. (b) Let me write a letter. (c) Rice sells in the market. (d) Who will pay the bill? (e) He hurt his brother. (f) People speak English all over the world. (g) Someone placed the book on the table. (h) His conduct surprises me. (i) The Romans did not build Rome in a day. (j) I know him well.

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